Tsamiya-Kamba: tilisa ldin, maca war tamsettit

Asebded n ubrid Tsamiya-Kamba yettwasekned am wakken d alday amnaḍan. Deg tidet, d asenser talujistik: ikamyunen uɣalen ad ruḥen, tanezzut tettnefsi, maca tilisa gar Niger d Benin mazal-itent d aferdis asertan d aɣellisan ur nefri ara.

Deg tazwara n Furar 2026, tigejda n Nigeria ldin abrid n Kamba deg state n Kebbi, ayen i yerran aɛeddi n yiselɣa ɣer Niger s ubrid Tsamiya-Kamba. Aṭas n tɣbula n tɣamsa timnaḍanin d tid n umaḍal qqarent belli ugar n 1600 n yikamyunen llan ttwaḥebsen, tikwal qqarent qrib 2000, d ikamyunen yebbanen s yiselɣa i suq n Niger. Aferdis-a d amezwaru: mačči d tamsettit tamatut gar Niamey d Cotonou, mačči d asnekwu akk n tlisa Niger-Benin. D abrid n tnezzut i d-yuɣalen ɣef ufus n Nigeria.

Tiseddart-a ur telli ara d tamecṭuḥt. D ul n usentel. Deg Tefriqt n Wenẓul n Walu, awal «tilisa ldin» neɣ «tilisa mdent» yettɣum aṭas n tidet nniḍen: imukan n uɛeddi i yettwasemḥen s leḥder, iberdan n uḥewwes, ikuriduren i yettwaḥekmen, lqiyud isertanen i d-yeqqimen, akked umeslay ajumruki ur yettwabeggen ara. Tsamiya-Kamba d yiwen seg yiferdisen-a n teẓgi n wudem awraɣ. Tikli tuɣal acku tanezzut tḥeqqer, maca tirrugza tasertant mazal-itt.

Alday alujistik, mačči d talwit tiplumasit

Seg coup d’État n Yulyu 2023 deg Niger, assaɣen gar Niamey d kra n ljiran ttwabeddlen s les sanctions timnaḍanin, s tɣellist, s tuffɣa seg CEDEAO, akked usbeddi n Alliance des États du Sahel. Benin yesɛa amkan ameqqran deg tmesalt-a. Cotonou yebɣa ad yeḥrez tawuri-s taqtiṣadit, ladɣa s uport n Cotonou, d tawwurt i Niger ur nesɛi ara ilel. Niamey, seg tama-s, teqqim deg tmuɣli taɣellsant d tasertant ɣef tlisa, tettarra tamurt n Benin d amkan i yezmer ad yeffeɣ seg-s lxuf ɣef ustiqrar-is. Tiktiwin-a ilaq ad ttwaseknen am wakken d tawil n Niamey, mačči d tidet yettwasentmen s wudem ilelli.

Asebded n ubrid ur yefri ara amennuɣ. Yeḥweḍ-it kan. Nigeria, tamurt tameqqrant s yimdanen, s uqtiṣad d uǧumruk deg temnaḍt, tuɣal da d tamsefrut tamateryalt. Mi teldi Kamba, Abuja tefk i Niger abrid ɣer yiselɣa i ttwaḥebsen, tefk i Benin afus i wakken ad yeffeɣ kra n uzḍam n uɛeddi, u terra i tgejda-s tajumrukit afus ɣef usuddem n tnezzut i yesɛan azal. Lqerar-a ur yekkes ara tamukrist; yerr-itt d tin ara ttwaferṣen.

Da i d-teffeɣ tmuɣli tasertant: mi ara teḥbes tiplumasit tunṣibt, talujistik tettak-d leḥwaǧ-is. Iddawlen zemren ad d-ssiwlen ɣef tuffɣa d lqerɛa, maca isuqen, imehriyen, iportan d yimezdaɣ ttarun-d belli tiqtiṣadiyin timnaḍanin ttwazdin. Niger yezmer ad yessiǧhed awal-is ɣef tnezmart; maca mazal-it yettɛemmid ɣef yiberdan n berra i kra n usečči. Benin yezmer ad yeldi neɣ ad yebɣu ad yeldi; maca ur yettḥekkim ara waḥdes deg lqerar n Niger. Nigeria tezmer ad tban d tamseflit; maca tettḥerrek daɣen i tɣellist-is, i yidrimen-is d uzal-is ɣef tlisa.

Tanezzut teskan-d ayen ɣef wayes ttɛemmid

Tamsalt Tsamiya-Kamba teskan-d tanmegla yettwassnen deg yidawlen n Sahel ur nesɛi ara ilel: tnezmart tasertant tettwasekned deg tmezduɣin n leḥkum, maca tnezmart tamateryalt tettwaḥkem deg iportan, deg yixxamen n uǧumruk, deg yiberdan d temnaḍin n tlisa. Niamey tezmer ad tefru assaɣ-is d tuddsa tamnaḍant neɣ ad tessiǧhed assaɣ-is d Cotonou; maca asečči d usiweḍ ilaq ad kemmlen. Awren, rruz, iselɣa n tnezzut, imawlan n ufariɣ d leḥwaǧ n yal ass ur ttrajun ara ad yefru umennuɣ adiplumasi.

Ayagi mačči d awal mgal tnezmart n Niger. D asmekti ḥerṣen: ulac tnezmart ara yeddun aṭas ma ur teḥkim ara ɣef tɣellist talujistikt-is. Deg Sahel, tilelli tunṣibt mazal-itt tettwaẓẓel s uḥbas ajugrafi, s tneɣruyin i d-yeǧǧa umennuɣ n zik, s iportan n ljiran, s izuran n unaqal amḍan, s lqerarat n uǧumruk, akked wid i yeṭṭfen tazmert deg tɣellist. Tilisa mačči d izirig kan. D tamacint taqtiṣadit.

Tafraq CEDEAO-AES tessiǧhid tanmegla-a. Ass n 29 Yennayer 2025, Mali, Burkina Faso d Niger ffɣen s wudem unṣib seg CEDEAO. S tmuɣli tasertant, tuffɣa-a tsebgen-d abrid n kraḍ n leḥkumat n yiserdasen ɣer beṛṛa n tuddsa tamnaḍant i ttwalin d tin yeḍran d yixṣamen. S tmuɣli tamateryalt, ur tekkes ara tanezzut, inig, leḥwaǧ n uɛeddi, wala tissas taqtiṣadit i d-tettak tjugrafit. Iddawlen zemren ad ffɣen seg ubrid amessuddes; ur zemren ara ad ffɣen seg ljiran-nsen.

Ihi, asebded n ubrid ur ilaq ara ad yettwali am yisallen n unaqal kan. Yeskan-d tuɣalin n tidet taqtiṣadit deg tallit yeččuren s wawal n tnezmart. Imasayen usliḍen, imehriyen, imezzenziyen d yimezdaɣ ttarun-d s tebɣest ccwal n tlisa. Iselɣa i ttwaḥebsen mačči d aferdis n tẓuri: d lxsarat, d leɛṭil, d asali n ssuma, d aḥbas n usečči, d tirrugza tajtimaɛit.

Tilisa ddaw lxuf n tɣellist

Aferdis nniḍen d aɣellisan. Abrid Benin-Niger-Burkina, ladɣa tama n parc W d temnaḍin anda mlalen yidawlen, mazal-it yettwaɛraḍ i usenɣes n yigruden yettḥerriken deg Sahel. Taɣamsa tagraɣlant tesken-d deg Yennayer 2025 aẓayar ameqqran mgal aserdasi n Benin deg ugafa n tmurt, i d-yettwanefken sɣur tɣbula i GSIM/JNIM. Tidet-a tettaẓ ɣef yal lqerar n tlisa. Ulac tamurt deg temnaḍt ara d-yemmeslayen ɣef tikli mebla ad tili tɣellist: tučči n ljiran, tibratin n tnezzut tilegalanin, taxsa n yigruden, neɣ aẓayar.

Maca taɣellist tezmer ad tuɣal d awal yettwaseqdacen s wudem ameqqran. Tettak azal i useɣles, tikwal d ayen ilaqen. Tezmer daɣen ad tesseɣzef aḥbas asertan, ad tessekcem ccek ɣef ljir, neɣ ad terra afus ɣef usuddem aqtiṣadi. Tamukrist d tin: ad nefrez gar lxuf n tidet d useqdec-is adiplumasi. Deg tmesalt Niger-Benin, aferrez-a d amezwaru. Lxuf deg temnaḍt yettwasekles; maca tɣawsiwin i d-qqaren yidawlen ɣef wayeḍ ilaq ad qqiment ttwanefkent i wid i tent-id-yennan, u ilaq asentem.

Tsamiya-Kamba yezga am tserreḥt ddaw leḥder. Tanezzut tuɣal, maca deg ubrid yettwaḥekmen. Ikamyunen ɛeddan, maca laman ur yettɛeddi ara s tɣawla-nsen. Ajumaṛuk yettmeslay uqbel tiplumasit. Tiqtiṣadiyin ḥwaǧent alday; tiẓgiwin n tɣellist ssutrent tigejda; leḥkumat bɣant ad ḥerzent udem-nsent.

Taseddawt war afran

Yezmer yiwen ad iẓer deg ulday-a tuɣalin ɣer lɛada. D aẓayer amzun. Lɛada ur telli ara akk deg temnaḍt-a seg taggara n coups d’État, seg tuffɣa n tɣawsa tafransist seg kra n tmura n Sahel, seg tafraq CEDEAO-AES, seg usali n violence, akked umennuɣ gar tmezmar n berra. Ayen yellan d imtawen. D tifrat timectaḥ. D tiwwura yeldin mebla tasɣunt n talwit. D ikuriduren i d-qqaren s ṣṣut ameẓyan ayen i wawal asertan tikwal yugi ad d-yini: ulac tamurt ara tezdeɣ aṭas deg uḥbas n tlisa-s.

I Niger, tuɣalin n Tsamiya-Kamba tfessus lxuf n usečči mebla ad tefk tanumi tunṣibt deg wugur d Benin. I Benin, tesbegen belli port n Cotonou mazal-it d allal amnaḍan, xas ma yella assaɣ asertan d Niamey yeẓẓel. I Nigeria, tessiǧhid amkan-is d aẓru agejdan: Abuja tezmer ad teldi, ad tefru, ad tesseɣles, ad tḥekkem, ad tesɛu kra n wazal n uǧumruk.

Tamsirt tamnaḍant d tin ibanen. Tnezmart n Sahel ur tettwaḥkem ara kan deg yimsawalen, deg yiseɣwan d tufɣiwin yessmektan. Tettwaḥkem deg tzemmar ad seɣlsen iberdan mebla ad ḥebsen imezdaɣ, ad smenyifen ikuriduren mebla ad rnun tɣellist nniḍen, ad ḥekmen tilisa mebla ad rren yal ljir d lxuf ameqqran.

Tsamiya-Kamba ur isemmed ara tamukrist Niger-Benin. Yeskan-d kan talɣa-s tura: tamukrist tameqqrant i wakken ad tegdel asnekwu asertan, maca ur tettwaḥkem ara ma yella tugi tanezzut. Deg tnemgla-a, abrid yeldi am wakken teldint tlisa deg tallit n tirrugza: s leḥwaǧ, ddaw leḥder, war tamsettit.

Mourad Ighil