Takatut ddaw iɣeɣdan

Ass n 28 Mayyu 2026, Assemblée nationale tafransist teqbel asenfar n lqanun ara isefsex Code noir d yiḍrisen-nniḍen i yerran takerḍa d taɣawsa n lqanun deg temdinin tafransisin. Asefsex-a late ur yettakk ara ttu ɣef yirumyen, ur yesseɣti ara tirmit n rrac i d-yegran, maca yesmekti-d ayen iḥemmlen inemhalen ad t-ǧǧen i uzekka : iḍrisen iqburen ur metten ara s iman-nsen. Zdat tasusmi takulunyalt, takatut tinsitit d yidɣaɣen yettwarun n Sahara, agerruj n Tefriqt ur yezgi ara d adeg i usefru. Yuɣal d tasekka n lebḥer.

Yessefk ad d-nini talɣa s lewḍaḥ : lqanun ara isefsex aḍris azamuli ur isefsex ara takerḍa, ur d-yettara ara arraw n tekulunyalt, ur yettkes ara lɣiḍ n rrac i yeqqimen mbaɛd isekkilen n lqanun. Yessebgan ayen-nniḍen. Yessebgan belli adabu yezmer ad isefsex tamseḍt, ad isemres izamulen n takatut, maca ad yeǧǧ deg uṛkiv-is, s waṭas n wakud, tutlayt i yerran tamseḍt-a tettwasefrek.

Abrid-a gar usefsex d tiririt d netta i d asentel. Takatut n takerḍa ur tettwacudd ara kan ɣer tmeɣra, ɣer tfecka neɣ ɣer lqanun. Tettbeddil seg wawalen i yebḍan tifekkiwin, seg iseggasen n uṛkiv i yettḥesiben tudert am wakal, seg tasusmi i yerran kra n uḍayen berra n usawal anamur. Mi ara d-yuɣal aparlaman ɣer Code noir, ur d-yeldi ara kan afaylu aqbur n lqanun. Yeqbel, s uzekka, belli timkarḍiwin n udabu mazal deg-sent imɣaren yettidiren. Yessebgan daɣen belli lmeɛna ur tettuɣal ara kan ɣer yiḍrisen n Fransa, maca ɣer wamek timettiyin i yerzan, deg Tefriqt d deg diaspora, ttɣarant tikelt-nniḍen later-nsent.

Ayen ur d-ttinin ara yiḍrisen

Takatut tunsibt tḥemmel isefka imeḥsuben. Tḥemmel asefsex acku yettaǧǧa taseddart ad tfak. Tḥemmel taẓribt acku tettḥebbis aḍay deg uẓru. Maca takerḍa ur tella ara d tamṣalt n yiḍrisen kan. Tella daɣen d tamseḍt n tarwa, n tyemmatin yettwakksen, n yismawen iṛuḥen, n tutlayin yettwakksen, n tfekkiwin n tlawin i yettwarren ɣer snat n tegnatin : axeddim, lǧens d uxxam.

Da i d-ttbanent tɣuriwin tinsitiyin. Mačči acku ad rnun ḥessas ɣer umezruy yettwarun yakan, maca acku ttawin isteqsi ɣer wul n uṛkiv. Anwa i d-yeǧǧan later ? Anwa i yettwaḥseb ? Anwa i yettwasemma ? Anwa i d-yettban am amdan, anwa i yeqqim d agraw, d taḥmilt, d taqcict n uxxam, d tameṭṭut yettwakerḍen, d tamecṭuḥt, d taɛebbuḍt, d afus ? Takatut tinsitit n takerḍa ur tettalab ara kan adeg deg usawal. Tettmennaɛ taɣessa-ines, teǧǧa-aɣ ad nɣer tikelt-nniḍen iseggaten, isuḍaf n yimeḍwaren, tizrawin n tarwa yettwaṛẓan, icewwiqen, tigawin n tmedyazt d usiweḍ s timawit.

Tessekrem-d belli tilawin ur ḥulfan ara kan i umezruy. Bnant-t, siwḍent-t, ffrent-t tikwal i wakken ad ddren, nnant-t s wudem-nniḍen mi ara tili tira n bab d lqanun. Deg tmuɣli-a, agerruj mačči d taɣawsa ara nẓer deffir n zejjaj. D adeg anda yettmemgaraden wawal ɣef wayla n yismawen n wid yemmuten d wid yeddren, anda yettwasenṭeq yirumyen n lǧens, n uxxam d tedrimt i yessemẓẓiy uṛkiv unsib.

Sahara mgal n tarrayt n yilem

Sahara tekcem da am tanmegla tameqqrant. S waṭas tettwasefru am yilem, am talast n ugama, am amezruy yesusmen. Tugna-a tlaq i yidabu. Sahara ilem ur tettmeslay ara. Ur d-tettcehhid ara ɣef yiberdan, iqerwiyen, imennuɣen, tikerḍiwin, imukan n tuffra, amsuddes n yidammen, tutlayin d tmusniwin. Tettuɣal d tafat n uzger, mačči d uṛkiv i wawal.

Maca Sahara n uẓekka tettnadi mgal n tagnit-a. Tassili n’Ajjer, deg Lezzayer, yettwasekcem deg ugerruj amaḍlan n UNESCO. Yesɛa ugar n 15 000 n yimeẓla d tira ɣef yidiren, i d-yesskanen, akken i d-tenna UNESCO, abeddel n yiẓekwan, iminig n yiɣersiwen d tneflit n tudert n umdan ɣef yiri n Sahara, seg 6000 send talalit n Ɛisa armi d lqrun imezwura n tallit-nneɣ. Tugniwin-a ur d-ttmeslayent ara s wudem usrid ɣef yirumyen meṛṛa i d-yeḍran mbaɛd, maca ṛẓant takerkust : Sahara mebla talɣa, mebla takatut, mebla tameddurt-ines.

Talɣa-a tezmer deg tsertit. Ur ttaǧǧa ara Tafriqt ad tettwasefru kan am adeg n tuṭṭfa-ines. Tessekrem-d belli send tjerra n yimdanen, deg-s, d mbaɛd-s, timettiyin ssufɣent tiɣawsiwin, izamulen, isallen, tifin d teɣziwin n tmuɣli. Takerḍa tekkes imdanen seg imawalen yellan. Tekulunyalt tewweḍ mbaɛd ad tini d nettat i d-tufa, i d-tessefru, i d-teḥrez, tikwal i d-tekkes later n imawalen-a.

Agerruj asahrawi yettwakeččem deg sin n yirkanen : ad yuɣal d agerruj n tmeẓri i turizm, neɣ ad yettwasesḥel am taɣawsa n tussna mebla agdud. Deg sin, ad yettwabḍu uẓru ɣef takatut yettidiren. Nettwali tira ɣef yidiren, maca nettettu imawlan, tutlayin d yimennuɣen n wass-a ɣef unekcum, tiririt, aḥraz d usawal.

Iberdan d tasusmi

UNESCO tesker deg 1994 ahil i yettwasnen ass-a s yisem Routes des peuples asservis i wakken ad tekkes tasusmi ɣef umezruy n takerḍa d tikerḍiwin. Deg 2024, tessekcem ideggen imezwura deg uẓeṭṭa n yideggen n umezruy d takatut i yerzan takerḍa d tjerra n yimdanen. Abrid-a d ameqran, maca yesseqsay-d s tɣara : anwa i yesɛan takarḍa ?

Ad nẓer takatut ɣef tkarḍa yezmer ad yeldi iberdan. Yezmer daɣen ad d-yer ḥers n tneqqiḍin ma yella ideggen yettwassnen d wid kan i zemrent temsal ad ten-ẓrent. Imeẓran n Aṭlasi, iɣerman, tikuratin, uṛkiven n Turupt sɛan adeg-nsen. Maca Tafriqt n daxel, iberdan n Sahara, takatut n uxxam, isallen n tlawin, tutlayin yettwarmeslen, d yideggen mebla tazeqqa tameqqrant, ur ilaq ara ad qqimen ɣef yiri.

Takatut n takerḍa teḥwaǧ tamnaḍt tameqqrant. Yessefk ad tessemlil Aṭlasi, Agrakal, Sahara, Agaraw Ahendi, d yiberdan n daxel n Tefriqt. Yessefk ad tḥader sin n yirkanen : ad nsemẓẓi tamasayt n Turupt s yisem n tɣara n Tefriqt, neɣ ad nḥewwes tikerḍiwin n daxel d tid n Sahara i wakken ad yeqqim kan umgarad n lɣiḍ gar Turupt d Yimirikan. Taɣara ur ilaq ara ad tuɣal d tasriḥt. Yessefk ad tuɣal d asuter.

Da i d-tettuɣal tira n yidles d tasertit. Ad d-nini agerruj mačči d asezwer n umezruy. D afran n wanwa n later i d-yettuɣalen d tasekka, wanwa n uḍay ara d-yettuɣalen d amdan, wanwa n tɣri ara yeqqimen deg ufolklor. Takatut n takerḍa ur teḥwaǧ ara lḥnana mebla later. Teḥwaǧ timsal ara yeldin uṛkiv, tisdawanin ara yesselmaden mebla asebter, timẓeḍyin ur nettbeddil ara aḥraz s wayla, tussna ara yeslen i wayen yettwasawḍen s timawit, d tsertiyin tizayezt ara yeqqnen takatut, rrac, arraw d tɣdemt tanemɣant.

Uṛkiv anemgal s leqder n umdan

Agerruj n Tefriqt mačči kan ayen i d-yefren seg wakud. D ayen i d-yeggran daɣen seg ukerḍi, seg tneqqiḍin takulunyalt, seg isallen inamuren imẓiẓen, seg ttu yettwassudsen. Takatut n takerḍa, tiɣriwin tinsitiyin d yidɣaɣen n Sahara ur d-ttawin ara yiwen n usawal, maca ttnadin ɣef yiwen n usteqsi : anwa i yesɛan azref ad yaru amezruy n wiyaḍ ?

Lqanun yezmer ad isefsex aḍris. Maca ur yezmir ara, iman-is, ad isseɣti anagraw n tmuɣli. I waya, yessefk ad nbedel alemmas. Ur nẓer ara Tafriqt kan seg uṛkiv n lempir. Ur neǧǧ ara tilawin d ticeqqufin n takatut. Ur nerra ara Sahara d deffir n tkarḍa. Yessefk ad nessemḥes i icewwiqen, ismawen, idɣaɣen, yiruren, tutlayin d yilemman.

Takatut ur teṭṭes ara ddaw iɣeɣdan. Tettṛaǧu kan ad neḥbes ad nessemmi tasusmi i wayen ur nebɣi ara ad nesel.

Lila Tazrout